Test

today we had a test and im pretty happy that i passed it. i thought it was pretty easy.

What to know for the exam

• When the middle ages were - 476 - 1453
• the new society has roots in 
• classical heritage of Rome
• beliefs of the church 
• customs of Germanic tribes
• the overrun of the western half of the roman empire
• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• popular shifts to rural
• effects of invasion
• downfall of learning
• romance languages - french, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian
• few besides priests were literate
• Germanic warriors loyalty was to the lord of the manner
• Clovis rules the franks which is where France comes from
• in 496 AD he and 3000 of his men become Christians
• in 520, Benedict writes to the monks 
• vows of poverty
• chastity
• obedience 
• his sister, Scholastic writes similar rules for nuns
• they operate schools, maintain libraries and copy books
• church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads and raise armies
• this is a theocracy 
• Gregory spiritual kingdom is (Christendom) 
• Clovis' decedents include Charles Martel a.k.a. Charles the Hammer
• hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of tours 732
• Charles Martel's son is Pepin the short 
• Charlemagne (Charles the great) was Charles Martel's second son

Charlemagne

• 6 foot 4
• Built the greatest empire since Rome
• Fought muslin in Spain
• Fights Germanic tribes
• Spreads Christianity
• Reunited western Europe
• Became most powerful king in western Europe
• Pope Leo II crowned him emperor

Charlemagne's gov

• Visited every part of his kingdom
• Limited authority of nobles
• Kept close eye on estates
• Encouraged learning
• Had schools open to others
• Man of the people
• Son Louis the pious was ineffective
• His 3 sons split up the kingdom of the treaty of Verdun

review

Today we reviewed the same PowerPoint over again and we have a test next week

Germanic Kingdoms pt.2

Germanic people adopt Christianity

• Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom
• Conflicts start with Church and Frankish leaders
• How they recruited Christians in Gaul
• Benedict wrote rules
• Bibles were hand written

• Franks and Gaul controlled merrivigion dynasty
• Major domo - mayor of palace]
• He ruled the kingdom
• Charles the hammer
• Extended franks reign and territory
• Battle of tour
• Defeated Spain
• If they would've lost, everything would've been lost
• They also fought for Christian church

European empire evolves

• Pepin the short
• Son of Charles the hammer
• Works with and for the pope
• Fought against the group
• Pope Stephan II named him king by the grace of God
• Starts next dynasty called Carolingian dynasty
• Pepin had 2 son
• Carolman and Charles
• Carolman was older and took over
• Charlemagne - Charles the great

Charlemagne

• 6 foot 4
• Built the greatest empire since Rome
• Fought muslin in Spain
• Fights Germanic tribes
• Spreads Christianity
• Reunited western Europe
• Became most powerful king in western Europe
• Pope Leo II crowned him emperor

Charlemagne's gov

• Visited every part of his kingdom
• Limited authority of nobles
• Kept close eye on estates
• Encouraged learning
• Had schools open to others
• Man of the people
• Son Louis the pious was ineffective
• His 3 sons split up the kingdom of the treaty of Verdun

Germanic Kingdoms

Main idea

• Germanic kingdoms that acceded the Roman empire were reunited under Charlemagne

Why it's important

• Charlemagne spread Christianity through northern Europe

• Middle ages - medieval period
• 500 - 1500 AD
• Medieval Europe is fragmented

1. Invasions triggered changes
1. Invasions are a fluid thing, happening all the time
2. No roman legion
2. Disruption of trade
1. Europe cities are no longer economic
2. Money is scarce
3. Hard to trade
3. Downfall of cities
1. No longer economic
4. Population shifts
1. Fewer people live there
2. People were leaving
5. Decline of learning
1. Tribes coming in are not educated
2. Communicate through oral tradition
6. Lose of common language
1. Dialect developed in different regions
2. Language was developed from Latin
3. Priest and church officials
4. Live off of Latin
7. Concept of government
1. Roman society loyal republic gov
2. German society loyal to family
1. Chief led warriors
2. During peace, he provided food weapons treasure etc.
3. During war time, warriors fought for lord
3. People didn’t know who the king was
4. Franks lived in Gaul
5. Clovis
8. Germanic kingdom emerges
1. Franks and Clovis
1. Another battle field conversion
2. Clovis and 300 warriors were baptized
3. Clovis and church begin to work together
9. Gregory I expanded power of church
1. Papacy - popes office
2. Secular power - worldly power
3. Church can use money to
1. Raise armies
2. Repair roads
3. Help the poor
4. Gregory the great acts like mayor and head of wealthy government

Middle ages

• Feudalism - a political, military and economic system based in land holding and protective alliances
• Based on personal loyalty of people who can help you

The Feudal Pyramid

King

Vassals (nobles and bishops)

Knights (rewarded with fiefs for defending land)

Peasants (mostly serfs)

Mind your manors

• Manor - lords estate
• A church
• Some workshop
• 15 - 30 families
• All in a few square miles
• Good news: self-sufficient
• Bad news: harsh if you're a peasant

How harsh is it?

• Peasants are poor and pay high taxes
• Tax on grain
• Tax on marriage
• Church tax
• They live in crowed cottages
• Live with animals and insects
• Eat very simply 

End of an Era

• Rome has economic issues
• Becoming hard to trade and sell things
• Military is getting weak
• Mercenaries
• Roman empire started raising taxes
• Diocletian  cut roman empire in 2
• Doing better in east
• West is still ancient
• In AD 324 Constantine became emperor of both halves of the empire
• Renamed capital
• After his death, empires divided again
• The last emperor was 13
• That’s it for the roman empire (AD 476)

Diocletian

• Born in Illyria
• He was the son of a freed slave who enlisted in  the ranks, worked his way up, was at last proclaimed emperor by his troops and subdued all rivals who contested to his throne
• After a reign of about 20 years, he retired
• Persecuted Christians
• 204-303
• In his view, Rome just needs a big army
• More government officials

Constantine

• Not ok to persecute Christians but its ok to be one
• Had an encounter with God

Edict of Milan

• Ending prosecution and proclaiming complete freedom of worship throughout the empire

• Taxes were raised
• Barbarians were taking over local levels and empire is crumbling

End of an era

• Empire came crashing down
• Look on blog for powerpoint
• Romulus agustus

Rome pt.2

• Christians and Jews are monotheistic
• No laws to prevent people to hurt Christians
• As some places got more Christians, it became even more popular
• Some roman leaders started to become Christians
• Eventually, it becomes encourages
• In 313, Constantine, who was an emperor, is getting ready to go into battle
• The day before he saw a cross figure
• He may have heard "in his name"
• He has everyone paint a cross
• He issues a low called edict of Milan which executes the persecution of Christians
•  the leaders of the church start to get more power
• Kingdom of Christians
• Religion is like a government

Test

today is our test and im kinda scared about it. i studied really hard so i hope i do good

Even more notes

Where did the first group settle?

On the tiger river

What are the three groups that settled?

Greeks, Latin's and Etruscan

Who was Tarkin the proud and what was significant about him?

Last king and his son raped him

How did Rome move from a monarchy to a republic?

Res publica

Difference between plebeians and patricians

Patricians were the richer ones, upper class, land owners, connected with each other

Plebeians  were the middle class, lower class, small farmers, blue collar workers

Define:

Senate - were there for life

Consuls - 2 guys close to the monarchy, 1 year

Tribunes - there hundred, 2 years

What is important about the 12 tables?

Laws to protect plebeians

The constitution is based on their 12 tables

Forum is Rome's political center

The Roman Empire pt. 2

• Caligula was Tiberius adopted grandson
• Starts off ok
• Grants bonus' to the army
• He took away charges of treason
• Instituted transparency
• In the first seven months of reign was "completely blissful"
• He starts fighting with the senate
• He was somewhat insane
• He claimed to be a god
• Put a statue of himself in the Jewish Tempe
• Assassination by his own aids, AD 41 (age 28)
• Claudius wasn’t the most inspiring
• Limp, slightly deaf, speech impediment
• His own family made fun of him
• Because he was the last male in the Caesar family line, he became emperor
• He had a terrible marriage
• His wife wasn’t always loyal
• She wanted to have Claudius killed so her lover could become emperor
• Christianity and Judaism - monotheistic
• Romans had many gods
• Sometimes emperor declared themselves as a god
• There was no separation of church and state
• In AD 66 the Zealots, a group of Jews, rebelled
• Romans burned down their temple except for one wall
• The wall is the holiest place in Jewish system
• 1/2 of a million Jews died
• Romans were harsh to those who didn’t worship the emperor
• The Christians were viewed as a cult
• Their religion was secretive
• They were targeted
• Because of that, it became popular

Roman Empire

Assassination and Another Caesar

• Caesar became a Greek-style tyrant - there was a traditional and honorable way of getting rid of tyrants
• on the Ides of March, Caesar appeared in the Senate house (unarmed) and a crowd of senators struck him down with daggers
• his murder did not restore the Republic
• instead, his death produced another crop of warlords and more bouts of civil war
• The main contenders were Mark Anthony(once a commander under Caesar and now a consul; the leading assassin), Brutus and Cassius, and Caesars grandnephew and adopted son, Octavian Caesar
• Mark and Octavian were rival loyalists of Caesar 
• they soon joined forces against Caesars assassination; formed another triumvirate together with a lesser warlord, Marcus Lepidus; eliminated opponents in a new region of terror in Rome; and defeated Cassius and Brutus in a battle in Greece
• the triumvirs declared that they intended to "restore the Republic" but they also had the senate proclaim Caesar the "divine being"
• the partners then divided the Roman world with Octavian in Rome, Lepidus in North Africa and mark in Alexandria 
• their cooperation soon turned into rivalry 
• the balance of power began swinging to Octavian 
• Anthony's love affair with Cleopatra made him unpopular
• Octavian pushed Lepidus out of power and began expanding Rome's frontiers northward 
• in 31 B.C., the rulers of the two halves of Rome's empire went to war
• Octavian beat Anthony and Cleopatra 
• then both Anthony and Cleopatra committed suicide
• Octavian was now supreme warlord 

The Roman Peace

"The era of the Roman peace was one massive social, religious and cultural changes that would form a new pattern of western civilization."

• Augustus's new system of gov. kept many features of the Roman Republic, allowed subject peoples a good deal of self-rule, and brought Rome's destabilizing expansion to a halt. the result was 200 years of stability that modern scholars call the Roman Peace
• the roman version of Greco-roman civ. prevailed in the western territories and the Greek version was dominant in the east
• roman literature and art, philosophy and law, architecture and engendering were often inspired by Greek models, but roman achievements in these fields eventually equaled or surpassed the Greeks
• in the west, the native languages of conquered European barbarian people began to be replaced by Latin

the Rule of the Emperors 

Timeline

29-19 BC - Virgil composes the Aeneid

27 BC- end of roman republic and beginning of rule of roman emperors 

14 - Augustus dies and Tiberius takes over

62-70 - Jewish revolt against Rome

117 - under Trajan, roman empire reaches its great extent 

126 - pantheon built in Rome 

212 - all free inhabitants of roman empire are declared roman citizens

529 - Justinian's law code begins to be published, systematizing the laws of Rome

Today we didnt really do anything and we were at the cafeteria for half of the class because i think Mr. Schick had something to do in his room i guess.

The Roman Empire

• When he dies the power goes to Octavian
• That’s when it changes from republic to empire
• Octavian eventually became known as Caesar Augustus
• He is the first full on emperor
• His rule is known as that pax romana - a period of peace and prosperity
• They built roads, they had bricks that fit together so that they wouldn't wash away with the rain
• They also built aqueducts
• Easier for people to get around
• Got the roman legion to move quickly form one place to another
• 1/3 of the people in Rome were slaves
• He set up government to fix things like a road service
• Set up the first postal service
• He died around 14 A.D.
• Jesus was a roman citizen
• He begins his ministry at 30 years old
• Mainly the only people that mention Jesus was the gospels
• All the other things were low key
• He wasn't popular before he died
• Statements like "my kingdom is not of this world" make the Romans nervous and the began to plan his execution
• No one knows what happened with Jesus between the ages of 12 and 30
• Romans and Jews look at him as a threat

Notes

• Rubicon was a river that marks northern most border of Rome
• Once he crossed it to invade it, he couldn’t turn back
• The gulish tribes could've conquered Rome but Caesar conquered them
• Crassus led an empire into defeat
• Pompey is in Rome
• Pompey was forced to leave Italy and Caesar's men killed him
• He was the 'father of the father land'
• Caesar made himself ruler of the republic
• Frist he was a tribune, the supreme pontiff, consul then named himself dictator for 10 years
• Caesar used to power to get rid of problems in Rome
• He let loyal soldiers get land
• Once the people whom he conquered, he gave those people rights
• He did all the things the people wanted him to do
• The senate were mad
• He made a 'show' of being in charge
• The senate realized they lost all their power
• The senate invited him in
• Several of them pulled out daggers and stabbed him to death
• All of the senate members that were there stabbed him

Today i had to leave school early to go to a service. i missed math, spanish and science. im kinda scared about missing science because we always take a whole bunch of notes...

Presentations pt 2

Today we did more presentations but we didnt have time to do mine and we dont have class tomorrow so i guess i will have to go on friday.

Presentations pt1

Today we did some presentations and it was kinda cool seeing all the projects. i really liked Austin's project and Hana's cookies were pretty good but there were seed everywhere. i know that wasnt her fault but besides that, they were pretty good. they kinda tasted like those butter ball cookie things.

Spring break

Today is the last day before the Spring break and im kind of exited. i have nothing planned and im not going on vacation anywhere but im so excited for summer and Spring break means that summer is closer.

Test

Tomorrow is thursday so we dont have west civ but we have it friday. on friday we have a test and i think mr.schick said that the test is going to have 24 questions? im kinda scared but then im not really cause my family is fully Italian and i grew up learning about ancient Romans and everything there is to know about Italy

Another test

Today we went over the things that are going to be on the test on Friday. It seems easy for the most part but of course, Devin has to make things complicated and he doesn't understand anything about the government. So he had me send him the notes in the middle of class and kept complaining about it to me. It's honestly not that hard.

The Punic War

• by 250 b.c. all of Italy south of the River Po was in Roman hands
• This brought Rome into a collision with a rival city-state beyond the sea: Carthage
• About 700 b.c., Carthage had become an oligarchic and empire-building republic similar to Rome
• it spread its influence across North America, southern Spain, Sardinia, Corsica, and Sicily
• The Punic wars were waged on land and sea in 3 vicious rounds between 264 and 146 b.c. 
• In the first phase of the struggle, Rome was able to force Carthage out of Sicily 
• In the second phase, the Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy, defeated several Roman armies, and brought Rome to the brink of defeat
• the loyalty of the Romans' allies, the perseverance of their own forces, and their greater manpower, they were able to draw citizen and allied soldiers from all Italy while Carthage relied on smaller mercenary armies 
• at the end of Second Punic war in 202 b.c. Carthage was disarmed and helpless
• Rome provoked a third war in 146 b.c. 
• Carthage was captured after bitter fighting
• in an act of vengeance, the Senate ordered the city to be leveled, its people sold into slavery, and even the ground they stood on to be cursed
• in 202 b.c. Rome had won control  over the western Mediterranean

Worksheet questions

1. It was built on a river in the center of Italy. It gave the people there the chance to control all of Italy.

2. The Etruscan kings ruled over his people and Rome. They then overthrew the king and would soon become a republic.

3. The Nobles and the common people struggled for power in the new republic.

4. The 12 Tables said that all free citizens were protected by law. They were posted in a public place for all people to see.

5. Gauls were from France. They humiliated Rome. They attacked and took their part of Rome back

Notes

Today we took more notes even though we werent really writing it was just highlighting. I though highlighting in the book was illegal in the school but according to Mr. Schick i guess its not. Anyway. im excited to make all the ancient roman food because my entire family is very Italian.

4/2/2014

People to settle in Rome

• Etruscans 
• Greeks
• First people were Latin's

Notes

• Rome was in the middle of the peninsula
• They were in the middle of the world
• Italy was in the middle of the med sea
• Found a way to divert the water to not make land saturated and marshy
• Drained out swamp and took water flow from other rives and diverted it into Tigris river
• Tarkin the proud was the last Roman King; tyrant; didn’t listen to his advisors; he was ran out of town
• Romans took many things from the Greeks
• Res publica - the people business; where the word republic comes from
• Republic is part democracy, monarchy and aristocracy
•  instead of a king, there were 2 consuls (president/king)
• Senate and the house of representatives, u.s. is modeled after Roman government
• Senate runs every 2 years
• They discovered what kind of government they want to have
• u.s. went to roman government but gave more power
• Plebeians(middle class) and patricians(aristocrats) and slaves

Project

Today Mr. Schick gave us a project for Rome and i want to make food. My family owns 2 restaurants. 1 is The Tower in Bel Air on main street and Squires.  p.s.  Mr. Schick... the address of Squires is  6723 Holabird Ave, Baltimore, MD 21222

LO-1 City-State and Empire: The Roman Republic

Italy and it's people

• when the Hittites moved into Asia Minor and the Greeks into the Aegean, other tribes moved into Italy
• the Etruscan were non-Indo-European immigrants who arrived in Italy from somewhere to the east about the 9th century b.c.

Timeline

• Ninth Century B.C. - Etruscan move into Italy
• Eighth Century B.C. - first Greek colonies in southern Italy; settlements near the mouth of the Tiber River join to form the city-state of Rome
• Seventh Century B.C. - Etruscan conquer Latium
• 500 B.C. - Rome overthrows Etruscan rule
• 450 B.C. - Twelve Tables, first written Roman legal code
• 264-146 B.C. Punic wars between Rome and Carthage
• 250 B.C. All of Italy and south of the River Po is in Roman hands; plebeians share political rights with patricians
• First Century B.C. - most non-Romans in Italy win citizen rights; Romans expand into the eastern Mediterranean and then into western Europe
• 44 B.C. - Julius Caesar becomes dictator for life; members of the senate assassinate him
• 31 B.C. Octavian's forces defeat Antony and Cleopatra; Octavian becomes supreme ruler of Rome

The Roman Republic: The Senate and the people

• the Romans required skills that enabled them to build their unique political institutions
• at first their city-states were ruled on the Etruscan model by powerful kings 
• the king was advised by a council of elders called the senate whose members were appointed
• he usually chose from the patricians or "men with fathers" ( men with fathers who already belonged to this hereditary group of leading families)
• when a king dies, his succors were chosen from the senate by the senate
• Republic - in reference to ancient Rome, the system of city-state government in which decision-making power was shared between the senate and assembly of male citizens
• plebeians - the Roman common people, including workers, small farmers, and wealthy people who were not patricians 
• Senate - in ancient Rome, a government assembly appointed by the king, and under the Republic by the consuls; originally all members were  patricians, but in time wealthy plebeians were appointed as well
• consuls - in the Roman republic , 2 senators who led the government and military for 1 year terms and appointed their own successor 
• dictator - in the Roman Republic, a single leader with full decision-making powers, appointed for a maximum of 6-months term during time of emergency 
• tribunes- magistrates elected by the plebeians who eventually gained the power to initiate and veto laws
• client - a person who provides personal services in return for money and protection from a patron
• patron - a wealthy person who supports others with money and protection in exchange for personal services 
• pontiff - in ancient Rome, one of the Republic's leading priests

"The separation of powers in the U.S. Constitution derives ultimately from the checks and balances between different branches of government in Roman city-state"

• paterfamilias - the "family father" in ancient Rome, who had unlimited power over his household 
• matron - title of honor given to a married woman in ancient Rome

today was our test and it wasnt as hard as i thought it was going to be. i think i mixed up a few but i know for a fact i got the first and last page completly right.

Tomorrow is our test and im kind of scared but i think im ready for it. ive studied since the first time he told us about it. i hope we get to use our blog or notes or something.

Today we went over the test and i'm kind of scared about it but i dont think that its going to be that hard. I've studied the 30 questions that Mr. Schick gave us and the 58-point quiz thingy and i dont think its going to be that hard.

Today we went over the 30 questions we had for cyber day and Austin was being really annoying but it was actually really funny. He was annoying because he kept making obnoxious noises but at the same time it was funny. it sounds complicated but its really not.

Today we didn't really do anything cause mr. schick left for some reason and im not positive where he went. but i think tomorrow is going to be a mess because a lot of the teachers aren't going to be there and all the classes that dont have a teacher are supposed to go to the gym. i just think its going to be a mess.

Cyber Day; Monday

1. Mostly fertile is not a characterization of Greece.

2.  Approx. 3/4 of Greece is covered in mountains

3. Barbarians - The word came from the Greek "barbaros," which originally meant "Non-Greek."

4. Massive rough-cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs defines megalithic structure

5. tribe refers to A social and political unit consisting of a group of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship,  A family-based group governed by a hereditary chieftians, A clan-based group prior to the advent of city-states in the Greek world and A group of warriors, related by blood, who are governed by a king or queen

 6. Tribes were governed by all of the above   (Warrior kings or queens  , Chieftains, Tribal leaders chosen by warriors)

7. the first European barbarians to make contact with civilization were Greeks

8. China was not considered part of western civilization.

9. The Ionian Sea is just west of Greece

10. The Aegean Sea   is east of Greece

11. Grain, vines, and olives were the major crops the Aegean people lived on

12. The Mycenaean civilization arose on the island of Crete

13. The Mycenaean civilization established settlements along the Greek mainland’s southern shore and on some islands

14. The Mycenaean civilization built massive walls to protect themselves from attack

15. A period of Greek history in which the population dropped, ships no longer sailed, and writing fell out of use, is called the Dark Ages

16. the Greeks joined  the  Phoenicians group as the leading commercial and seafaring nation of the Mediterranean

17. in historical writing, the letter “c” might appear before a date, as in “c. 1500 BC.”  this “c” means circa, around and about

18. Greek city-states dotted the coastlines around the Mediterranean Sea.  These were called colonies  

19. Although they varied in size, ancient Greek city-states most closely resembled counties

20. Oligarchy  is a form of government in which a small group of citizens dominated, and the power of the majority was limited in various ways

21. democracy is a form of government in which decisions were made by the majority of adult male citizens.

22. Tyranny is a form of government in which a self-proclaimed dictator held power

23. monarchy is a form of government in which power is held by a single ruler, and is often passed along from father to son

24. Spartans used oligarchy

25. At age 7 Spartan males begin their military training

26. Athens  was the wealthiest city-state in the ancient Greek world

27. the Parthenon  was the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town

28. Peloponnese was the name of the southern peninsula where Sparta was located

29. triremes were massive fighting ships with three banks of oars, used to ram or board enemy ships.

30. a hoplite was a heavily armed and armored citizen-soldier of ancient Greece

SHORT ANSWER

1. you recall the time period when the Greek population dropped, ships no longer sailed, and writing fell out of use.  What years did this period begin and end?  1,100 - 700 B. C.

2. During the time period when writing fell out of use, the poet Homer is said to have told stories of the Trojan War, and of a war hero attempting to return to his home.  What are the titles of these two stories?

Iliad and Odyssey

3. The word “Mediterranean” originally meant  Middle of the Earth

4. What were prominent and long-established Athenian land-owners called? They were called aristocrats 

sub

today we had Mr. Teter as a sub and that was pretty fun. he told us to watch the video but im pretty sure almost no one listened to him. I think some people did though. All in all it was just like a free day

wednesday

today we had a one hour late bell and the classes are a little shorter but not by much. i hate wednesdays cause i have every class and only 1 off mod and its really annoying

today im not really sure what we did but im sure it was fun. i heard its gonna snow a few inches on monday. i like the snow days but i hate the cyber days.

Substitute

Today Mr. Schick wasn't here and we had a substitute. In class we were supposed to finish the video and the worksheet. I finished both. Although I'm not competly sure all my answers for the worksheet are correct. i really hope they are though. I'm almost finished my commercial. I just have to do 2 more story boards then i will be finished.

Today we watched more of the video. The paper that goes along with it is kind of confusing because it doesnt go in order. So are all the people. But once we get more done i think it will be easier.

Liam Neeson

Today we watched like 5 minutes of this video narrated by Liam Neeson. i love taken 1 and 2 and i'm excited for his new on Non-stop. i wanna see it so bad!!

Today is a snow day and i am with a friend. we are gonna do the snow challenge than jump right into my hot tub. its gonna be fun!! Im so excited. when we go back in the house we are gonna drink hot chocolate and watch a movie... not sure which one yet..

Mr. Schick is giving us this weird commercial thing. i'm pretty excited about it and i can't wait to see how mine and everyone else's turns out.

Mr. Darrington

Today we had Devin teach the class and i really enjoyed having him as a teacher. Don't get me wrong i love Mr. Schick, but Devin is a good teacher. He's also a very good friend. Like this one time, i borrowed his calculator for like a month and i kept meaning to give it back to him but i kept forgetting. Finally, one day i gave it back to him and i thought he was gonna kill me but he actually wasn't as mad as i thought he was gonna be. He was mad. But not a lot. And i think he is a very good friend for not killing me. Thanks Dev...

The Odyssey and movies

Today we took some more notes on the power point and we talked about The Odyssey. A lot of the stories Mr. Schick told us reminded me of Percy Jackson: The Lightning Thief, Percy Jackson: The Sea of Monsters and one of the Pirates of the Caribbean movies.  In Percy Jackson: The Lightning Thief, Percy, Grover and Anna-Beth have to go to a casino to get this pearl thingy and the waitresses keeping giving them these flower cookies that put them in a trance and it makes them want more and more just like those leaves Mr. Schick was talking about. In the beginning of Sea of Monsters, when Mr.Schick was talking about the cyclopes, it made me think of how Percy's friend is killed by a cyclopes and then in the movie, Percy realizes he has a half brother from Poseidon who is a cyclopes. And when Mr. Schick talked about the women singing trying to make the passing ships come onto the island it made me think of in one of the Pirates of the Caribbean, when there were the mermaids in the water who sang and Jack Sparrow and all his crew went onto the island and it turns out that when people get to close to them they turn into monsters who try to attack you.

LO3 Greece

Citizens and communities: the Greek City-State

Athens 

• the tribal communities of the dark ages began developing into city-states
• Athens made a joke out of Spartans way of life; they thought it wasn't worth living
• Athens had a direct way to the city
• Athens had a free way of life
• more focused on reading and writing
• women couldn't vote or hold office
• free, land-owning white males could vote 
• democracy 

Greek City-states were small places, usually consisting of no more than a town and a few square miles around the country side

• population of town and country were growing
• when they could, they built the towns around a hill that had an acropolis on top

An acropolis is the high fortified citadel and religious center of an ancient Greek town

• from the Athenian acropolis, Athena's temple, the Parthenon, or "place of the maiden," overlooked the whole city
• for the Greeks, the city state was a community where all of the members shared

City States and Citizens

• they first developed at exactly the time that the Assyrians were reaching for power westward from Mesopotamia
• Greece was protected by many miles of land and sea
• there was no universal empire to keep them in order so the city-states struggled among themselves

An Athenian Owl was the slang name for the tetradrachma, because the owl(the sacred bird of Athena) on the other side the goddess wears a worriers helmet

a hoplite was a heavily armed and armored citizen solider of Greece

A phalanx is a unit of several hundred hoplites, who closed ranks by joining shields when approaching the enemy

A monarchy is a state in which supreme power is held by a single (usually hereditary) ruler

An oligarchy is a state in which supreme power is held bu a small group

Triremes were massive fighting vessels with three banks of oars used to ram or board enemy ships

Tyranny was rule by a self-proclaiming dictator 

Democracy in ancient Greece, was a from of government in which all adult male citizens were entitled to take part in decision making
Aliens were any people not from Greece; couldn't vote
Ostracism was when you were banished for 10 years

"Alongside Mesopotamia and Egypt there now appeared a third civilization: that of classical Greece"

In 600 B.C. a poet named Alcaeus wrote "Not stone and timber, nor skill of carpenter, but brave men who will handle sword- and spear-- with these you have city and walls"

Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy

• in the earliest times of classical Greek civilization, the communities would become city-states which were ruled by kings
• with this development of government came more types of government
• one was oligarchy meaning "rule by few"
• many city-states in Greece were oligarchy, above all, Sparta
• in city-states with many citizens, it was too hard to have an oligarchy government
• this lead to tyranny
• tyranny didn't last to long before it formed into democracy
• the most successful democratic city-state was Athens

Sparta: The Military Ideal

• the Spartans were descendants of Greeks who had conquered part of the southern mainland
• by the 8th century, they were a minority of landholders
• the Spartan citizens were outnumbered by the non citizens

Helots were non-citizens forced to work for landowners in ancient city-states of Sparta

A Winner in the Heraean Games was a bronze statue of a female runner looking backward

Spartan way of life

• farms were workers by helots
• boys were taking at the age of 7; they were thought manly behavior and reading and writing 
• girls were required to participate in drills and exercises to make them healthy
• state controlled men more than women
• more controlled and organized 
• women couldn't vote or hold office
• monarchy

Aristocrats were members of prominent and long-established Athenian families; rich, powerful landowners 

Differences

• Spartans were based on war
• Spartans were open to ideas Athens didn't like change
• Athens thought Spartans way of life was a joke
• Athens had were a navy base - Triremes were large ramming ships
• Spartans were more on land
• Spartans were independent; made trade harder

"Instead of softening their feet with shoes, his rule was to make them hardy through going barefoot... Instead of pampering them with a variety of cloths, his rule was to habituate them to a single garment the whole year through, thinking that so they would be better prepared to withstand the variations of heat and cold"

Persian Wars

• by the 6th century B.C., the Persians conquered a realm that stretched from the border of India to the Nile and the Aegean
• Nile was for trade, transportation, bathing, irrigation
• by 445 B.C. when peace was made with Persia, Athens was the controlling power of the Aegean Sea
• success was followed by the golden ages 460-430 B.C.

"Where our rivals from their very cradles by a painful discipline seek after manliness, at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger."

Map

• Adriatic is above
• to the left is the Ionian sea
• to the right is the Aegean sea
• the peninsula is called Peloponnese