Test

today we had a test and im pretty happy that i passed it. i thought it was pretty easy.

What to know for the exam

• When the middle ages were - 476 - 1453
• the new society has roots in 
• classical heritage of Rome
• beliefs of the church 
• customs of Germanic tribes
• the overrun of the western half of the roman empire
• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• popular shifts to rural
• effects of invasion
• downfall of learning
• romance languages - french, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian
• few besides priests were literate
• Germanic warriors loyalty was to the lord of the manner
• Clovis rules the franks which is where France comes from
• in 496 AD he and 3000 of his men become Christians
• in 520, Benedict writes to the monks 
• vows of poverty
• chastity
• obedience 
• his sister, Scholastic writes similar rules for nuns
• they operate schools, maintain libraries and copy books
• church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads and raise armies
• this is a theocracy 
• Gregory spiritual kingdom is (Christendom) 
• Clovis' decedents include Charles Martel a.k.a. Charles the Hammer
• hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of tours 732
• Charles Martel's son is Pepin the short 
• Charlemagne (Charles the great) was Charles Martel's second son

Charlemagne

• 6 foot 4
• Built the greatest empire since Rome
• Fought muslin in Spain
• Fights Germanic tribes
• Spreads Christianity
• Reunited western Europe
• Became most powerful king in western Europe
• Pope Leo II crowned him emperor

Charlemagne's gov

• Visited every part of his kingdom
• Limited authority of nobles
• Kept close eye on estates
• Encouraged learning
• Had schools open to others
• Man of the people
• Son Louis the pious was ineffective
• His 3 sons split up the kingdom of the treaty of Verdun

review

Today we reviewed the same PowerPoint over again and we have a test next week

Germanic Kingdoms pt.2

Germanic people adopt Christianity

• Clovis unites Franks into one kingdom
• Conflicts start with Church and Frankish leaders
• How they recruited Christians in Gaul
• Benedict wrote rules
• Bibles were hand written

• Franks and Gaul controlled merrivigion dynasty
• Major domo - mayor of palace]
• He ruled the kingdom
• Charles the hammer
• Extended franks reign and territory
• Battle of tour
• Defeated Spain
• If they would've lost, everything would've been lost
• They also fought for Christian church

European empire evolves

• Pepin the short
• Son of Charles the hammer
• Works with and for the pope
• Fought against the group
• Pope Stephan II named him king by the grace of God
• Starts next dynasty called Carolingian dynasty
• Pepin had 2 son
• Carolman and Charles
• Carolman was older and took over
• Charlemagne - Charles the great

Charlemagne

• 6 foot 4
• Built the greatest empire since Rome
• Fought muslin in Spain
• Fights Germanic tribes
• Spreads Christianity
• Reunited western Europe
• Became most powerful king in western Europe
• Pope Leo II crowned him emperor

Charlemagne's gov

• Visited every part of his kingdom
• Limited authority of nobles
• Kept close eye on estates
• Encouraged learning
• Had schools open to others
• Man of the people
• Son Louis the pious was ineffective
• His 3 sons split up the kingdom of the treaty of Verdun

Germanic Kingdoms

Main idea

• Germanic kingdoms that acceded the Roman empire were reunited under Charlemagne

Why it's important

• Charlemagne spread Christianity through northern Europe

• Middle ages - medieval period
• 500 - 1500 AD
• Medieval Europe is fragmented

1. Invasions triggered changes
1. Invasions are a fluid thing, happening all the time
2. No roman legion
2. Disruption of trade
1. Europe cities are no longer economic
2. Money is scarce
3. Hard to trade
3. Downfall of cities
1. No longer economic
4. Population shifts
1. Fewer people live there
2. People were leaving
5. Decline of learning
1. Tribes coming in are not educated
2. Communicate through oral tradition
6. Lose of common language
1. Dialect developed in different regions
2. Language was developed from Latin
3. Priest and church officials
4. Live off of Latin
7. Concept of government
1. Roman society loyal republic gov
2. German society loyal to family
1. Chief led warriors
2. During peace, he provided food weapons treasure etc.
3. During war time, warriors fought for lord
3. People didn’t know who the king was
4. Franks lived in Gaul
5. Clovis
8. Germanic kingdom emerges
1. Franks and Clovis
1. Another battle field conversion
2. Clovis and 300 warriors were baptized
3. Clovis and church begin to work together
9. Gregory I expanded power of church
1. Papacy - popes office
2. Secular power - worldly power
3. Church can use money to
1. Raise armies
2. Repair roads
3. Help the poor
4. Gregory the great acts like mayor and head of wealthy government

Middle ages

• Feudalism - a political, military and economic system based in land holding and protective alliances
• Based on personal loyalty of people who can help you

The Feudal Pyramid

King

Vassals (nobles and bishops)

Knights (rewarded with fiefs for defending land)

Peasants (mostly serfs)

Mind your manors

• Manor - lords estate
• A church
• Some workshop
• 15 - 30 families
• All in a few square miles
• Good news: self-sufficient
• Bad news: harsh if you're a peasant

How harsh is it?

• Peasants are poor and pay high taxes
• Tax on grain
• Tax on marriage
• Church tax
• They live in crowed cottages
• Live with animals and insects
• Eat very simply 

End of an Era

• Rome has economic issues
• Becoming hard to trade and sell things
• Military is getting weak
• Mercenaries
• Roman empire started raising taxes
• Diocletian  cut roman empire in 2
• Doing better in east
• West is still ancient
• In AD 324 Constantine became emperor of both halves of the empire
• Renamed capital
• After his death, empires divided again
• The last emperor was 13
• That’s it for the roman empire (AD 476)

Diocletian

• Born in Illyria
• He was the son of a freed slave who enlisted in  the ranks, worked his way up, was at last proclaimed emperor by his troops and subdued all rivals who contested to his throne
• After a reign of about 20 years, he retired
• Persecuted Christians
• 204-303
• In his view, Rome just needs a big army
• More government officials

Constantine

• Not ok to persecute Christians but its ok to be one
• Had an encounter with God

Edict of Milan

• Ending prosecution and proclaiming complete freedom of worship throughout the empire

• Taxes were raised
• Barbarians were taking over local levels and empire is crumbling

End of an era

• Empire came crashing down
• Look on blog for powerpoint
• Romulus agustus